Abortion Is A Form Of Birth Control - 955 Words

Jacek, I know I won t change your stance on abortion, just as you could never convince me I ought to submit my body to the government and let them decide what I can and cannot do. But I do hope you can recognise why so many women are left to choose abortion as a form of birth control-- something that, I agree, and they agree, is abhorrent. My Catholic grandmother worked for the organization that became Planned Parenthood for over 25 years. She began as a translator (Spanish to English) and moved upward. When I was in the second grade our teacher assigned us to interview a grandparent and I chose my grandmother. She said she felt that woman should be able to choose what happens to their bodies. I had no idea what she meant at the†¦show more content†¦Poor women cannot afford to pay for birth control, thanks to Conservatives. But the men who want to have sex with them, well, they get to have an erection, on the house. When I lived in the UK, birth control was readily available, for free, as well as abortions. But abortion was not a prevalent conversation because, by providing reproductive education and options to everyone equally, women did not need to resort to abortion. Again, abortion is never a first choice. It is a last resort. In the USA, if a girl or woman living in poverty or in a marginalized population becomes pregnant, Conservatives do not want her to have access to prenatal care or education. It is dangerous for young girls to have a baby, for both mother and child. Refusing to educate would-be mothers on how to have a safe pregnancy and prepare for childbirth increases infant and maternal mortality. Planned Parenthood provides this education, medical monitoring, and prenatal care. A woman who has been refused education on her reproductive health, refused access to birth control, and now becomes pregnant, faces two decisions: birth a child or seek an abortion. If that child is born, Conservatives do not want mother or child to have access to health care. (see repeal of ACA, repeal of Medicaid, repeal of CHIP, etc.) Conservatives do not want mother or child to access to welfare. And yes, mother and child need to rely on welfare, because maybe she is still getting her education,Show MoreRelatedShould Abortion Be Legal?1347 Words   |  6 Pagesthe right to an abortion. This is a constitutional right that all women must have in order for everyone to have true equal rights. The two sides of this debate argue whether or not the fetus is â€Å"alive,† whether abortion is ever necessary, and whether or not the procedure has negative consequences. While the â€Å"pro-life† side focuses mostly on the interpretation of the definition of life, â€Å"pro-choice† advocates stress the importance of women’s rights. A woman should always have control over her body withoutRead MoreHis 145 Social Movements and Trends Essay698 Words   |  3 Pagesof equality and control of their bodies. Many instances occurred throughout history that supported a woman’s fight for equal repre sentation and fair legislation, especially for those who were impoverished. This paper will discuss three articles from 1968 to 1977 that outline women’s battles against the government and the legal system regarding abortion and sterilization. The article details instances in which the government pursued unlawful sterilization as a form of birth control, or denied publicRead More Abortion - Right or Wrong? Essay1285 Words   |  6 Pageswith high hopes from her parents. She was the last person anyone expected to get pregnant, but, on January 29, that all changed. It was around ten o’ clock at night when Karen’s roommate walked into the bathroom and realized Karen was giving birth. She heard a gush of water that sounded like water breaking followed by a baby’s cries. She then heard the toilet being flushed several times. Karen was trying to get rid of the mistake she had made. When Karen’s friend informed the RA on dutyRead MoreArgument Essay Abortion Should Be Legal for Any Woman of Any Age1442 Words   |  6 PagesArgument Essay Abortion should be Legal for any Woman of any Age Abortion is the removal of an embryo or fetus from the uterus in order to end a pregnancy (abortion). Abortion is also a right that every woman hasas long as it is in the first trimester of pregnancy. In many cases abortion being legal saves lives but it is also guaranteed to end a life every time the operation is done. Women should be in control of their own lives and should have the choice of having a child or not due to the eff ectsRead MoreThe Benefits Of Free Birth Control980 Words   |  4 PagesMonica Varona English IV Rhonda Hill 20 July 2017 The Benefits of Free Birth Control Even though birth control is an important part of preventive health care, it can be difficult to attain. The options for a woman who is not covered by a health insurance provider are limited. Their best option is to receive a prescription at a clinic or to purchase forms of birth control at a Planned Parenthood center. Still, these women are left to cover the price of the pill that can range from $35-$200 a monthRead More Birth Control Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pageshow to gain control over reproduction, in essence, how to prevent unwanted pregnancies. This is a challenge, even today, in an age of technological advancements, mass communication and education. However, through the years, the spread of information and awareness surrounding birth control has resulted in its increased availability and an improvement in the lives of both men and women. People are very clever and ingenious and have, throughout history, devised a variety of birth control methods. TheRead MoreBirth Control And Abortion Should Not Be Used Widely1440 Words   |  6 Pages Birth Control and Abortion Should Not be Used Widely Submitted by: Yuhuan Yu Submitted to: Daniela Greco-Giancola Class: Act Writing Date: August 11, 2014 Word Count: 1281 The world population is 7.046 billion and there are 8.260 million new babies are born every year (Worldometers n.d.), because of this global over population problem, some countries’ government allowed birth control pill and medicine or artificial abortion can be used to control the population. Now, due to different reasonRead MoreThe Struggle For Improving Reproductive Rights1279 Words   |  6 Pagestheir maternal decisions, whether that is in choosing surrogacy, abortion, and even those who choose different forms of contraception. Over the years, Planned Parenthood and other health services have recieved a negative connotation for what services they provide, especially on the basis of providing abortion services. With our new president in office, women are concerned that their reproductive rights, such as the right to have an abortion, and rights to use contraception will be revoked. Women are currentlyRead MoreShould Abortion Be Legal?874 Words   |  4 Pages Abortion has and always will be an extremely controversial issue in American politics. Some believe that having an abortion is a completely normal and reasonable way of preventing unnecessary life, like birth control. Others believe this is murder and should be stopped at all costs. In my opinion, I believe that abortion is a woman’s choice and no one should be able to tell a woman how to manage her body. Legal abortion is a natural and responsible way to provide safety to woman and an unborn childRead MoreEssay on In Defense Of Abortion1638 Words   |  7 PagesWithout legal prohibitions, women in Europe and the United States provided abortions and trained each other to perform the procedures. In the past century different states had begun to outlaw any procedure that would terminate or avoid pregnancy. In 1973(?) the United States Supreme Court asserted a womans constitutional right to abortion in determining Roe v. Wade. After several decades of quiet disagreement, a bortion has once again become a political hotbed. Under the direction of religious

The Importance of English Essay Samples

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Gender Equality in STEM Environment †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Gender Equality in STEM Environment Management. Answer: Introduction Nepal is a landlocked country in the middle of the great Himalayan Range. Its demography is nestled between two emerging superpowers of the world which are People Republic of China and India. But Nepal is way behind in economic as well social aspects of development when compared to both its neighboring countries (UN Women | Asia and the Pacific 2017). As history illustrates, Nepal has been in trade with China and India maintaining a harmony with both these giant countries. It has also been susceptible to invasion at times but has been inert for most period of time. At present, Nepal has been disturbed due to its internal conflicts. There has been a war-like situation for claiming rights, freedom and adequate representation. The country is under transition from being a monarchy to a republican government where Maoists are taking advantage of the situation to promote their own leaders in the top tier of government. Between this state of confusion, there lies an important aspect of a transitional society which is of gender equality. Many social workers and organizations have visited places in Nepal to observe the position of women in Nepal (Therisingnepal.org.np 2017). It was observed that there is a high percentage of gender inequality which women of Nepal have to face. There is a natural sense of gender inequality in the Nepali society due to which women have to face restrictions in almost all facets of life. The following literature review analyses all the problems of gender inequality in Nepal (Acharya 2017). The literal meaning of gender equality is that men and women both enjoy equal status in the society management. There is equal opportunity for everything such as jobs, rights, economic, cultural, social and social development. It has been observed from the pages of history that society has been biased towards males in giving the position of authority in the society (Mahara and Dhital 2015). There has always been a male dominant society with women working passively on the sidelines with no proper appreciation and importance. In Nepal, these ambiguities have widened with women having no proper rights and freedom to do their will and are bounded by innumerable restrictions which come to them naturally (Mahara and Dhital 2015). They are considered as second-grade citizens charred in the fire of patriarchal domination. Male citizens of Nepal enjoy all the freedom and liberty and suppress their female counterparts. Socioeconomic Status of Women In Nepal Being a diverse society, society in Nepal is mainly patriarchal. Life of a woman revolves around their son, father, and husband. It becomes obvious that to practice such dominant patriarchal system, support of the law is necessary which is granted to the male members in Nepal. The legal system of Nepal also enforces restrictions on women who are left with no choice than to surrender (Ghosh, Singh and Kayastha 2017). Marriage is the most important event for the life of women which determines their well-being in the society. Freedom to choose their life partner is another aspect which determines the degree of liberty a woman has in the society. But in Nepal due to the prevalence of patriarchal system, there is not much a woman can do about their choice in marriage and other personal prerogatives. The position of women in a patriarchal society is derived through its social system, values of the society and rights which are preserved and protected in favor of women. Nepal government does not pay any heed to develop policies for the social development of women in society Management (Decker et al. 2016). When the relative status of women is considered, it varies from one ethnic group to another but has no significant difference. It can be easily observed when visiting Nepal, that all the economic activity are done by women but they get no credit for that and their contribution to the society goes unnoticed. It is understood that the work they do is meant for them and that is the only thing for which they are made (Mohapatra 2016). Empirical data derived from the survey done in Nepal reflect that the condition of women is very severe as compared to men. The situation of women is wretched in terms of health, participation, self-confidence, education, human rights, decision making and policy making. Age of marriage for women is very less as they get married between the age of 15-19 years (Nawal and Goli 2013). This leads to consequences of premature pregnancy resulting in deaths (Bornstein et al. 2016).The pre-natal and post-natal death rate of women is very high in Nepal. High birth rate, high infant mortality rate and low life expectancy are some key indicators of poor health of women in Nepal. The National literacy rate of Nepal in 40% in which 66% is of men and only 30% women are literate (Ghosh, Singh and Kayastha 2017). This indicates that women are denied of education. Only 24.5% of women in Nepal get enrolled for higher education according to the national statistics of the country (Bista et al. 2017). Women of Nepal do not enroll in vocational and technical courses due to the pressure of society and irrelevant cultural norms (Reading 2012). The burden of workload has increased from 10.8 hours per day to 10.9 hours per day in recent years (Swan 2013). Moreover, women in rural areas are considered as parayadhan (somebody elses property), that is why parents do not invest in their education who believes that they are not going to benefit from their education. Works done by women are not understood as economic activity. Cooking food, household work, washing clothes and taking care of children are considered as natural work for women. Only 42.5% of women are kept under economically active category as compared to 68% of men (Oestreich 2017). As a result, the participation of workers in the informal sector has increased drastically (Ghosh, Singh and Kayastha 2017). To make money for themselves women of Nepal do jobs like vending, liquor trade and selling vegetables. Moreover, in rural areas women are seen doing field work such as planting, weeding and harvesting which are done by men in other countries. If women are employed in government jobs in urban areas, they are put at low posts and promotion is very hard to get. Professional work done by women in Nepal is very limited. They are allowed to study law but not practice it (Leder, Clement and Karki 2017). Their presence in bureaucracy is very low. It can be supported by the fact that only one woman has made to the post of ambassador till now. There is limited or no participation in the field of politics and judiciary of women in Nepal. Decision making for women is only in household matters, domestic matters, religious and social travel. But a decline in the decision-making authority has been observed in recent years (Swan 2013). UNICEF has conducted many surveys and programs to find out the nature and extent of violence against women in Nepal. The picture was very dreadful as there are innumerable cases of violence of all types. It was found that 66% of women are victims of verbal abuse and 33% of them were abused emotionally (Leder, Clement and Karki 2017). Out of all the offenders, 77% of them were family members of the women (Shrestha et al. 2017). At first, there was no serious action taken from the government side, but with due course of time, government agencies have been vigilant to avoid such cases (Bista et al. 2017). But the results have not been promising and there is a lot to be done to protect women from such atrocities. Political agents are also contributors to the violence against women but they cases do not see the light of day due to ignorance of government authorities. Women who actively participate in the politics are also victims of such crimes inside their own party but do not complain o r take any action due to obvious reasons (Nawal and Goli 2013). Political Participation of Women in Nepal If the history of Nepal is taken into consideration, it has been a country of struggle. Some patron women like Mangla Devi Singh and Sahana Pradhan have been active in politics during 1950s. They also formed many organizations for the upliftment of women status in Nepal. In recent years of struggle in 2006, it was observed that the participation of women was significant who challenged the prevalent system of monarchy to replace it with a republican form of government (Bhandari, Sarma and Kutty 2015). Low and sparse participation of women in politics can be justified by the lack of education and poverty existing in the female members of Nepal. The state policy-making bodies are the only place where a significant amount of women participation can be seen. To increase the role of women in government decision-making, their activity in stake policy-making should be encouraged. Through the political parties, women get a platform to raise their voice against the discrimination they face in the society (Oestreich 2017). This gives them a chance to be heard among masses and inspire other women citizens to join these parties and uplift themselves. It can be observed that only 32 women are Members of Parliament which is very low as compared to other countries in Southeast Asia (Baral 2016). There have been only three women members in the leading political parties of Nepal such as Nepali Congress, RPP, and CPN. The proposal of having 33% women members have been declined by the political parties (Mishra and Sam 2016). There were only two women of special class out of 85 members in the Civil Services of Nepal and that too about 5 years ago and rest of them were filled with men (Shrestha et al. 2017). There is almost no representation of women in the government organizations, task forces and constitutional bodies. This kind of discrimination exists because there is a natural mentality of people that women should not be there in active politics in Nepal. In recent years there has been a change in the perception of women in Nepal. After seeing their active participation in the struggle for democracy, people have liberalized a bit in the context of considering woman participation in active politics (Baral 2016). But still many people are not convinced that women can make a difference and deserve equal seats at the table as men. They are considered to be centered on female issues and havent got the respect which they deserve. Due to the patriarchal school of thought women of Nepal are not considered competent to win elections. The issues raised by women in political parties, however generic they may be, are considered to be women issues and are sidelined from the main agenda. With thetransition from monarchy to democracy women of Nepal expected a change in their social status (Paudel and de Araujo 2017). To some extent, their position has strengthened, but still, it is alongroad for them to gain equal status as men in the Nepali society. Challenges There is lack of control on the state mechanism of women politicians in Nepal. There is no availability or control over the resources of development in the hands of women who can use them for their welfare and development especially in the field of education. They are too busy in the household works and do not get time for political participation, meeting and events (Mishra and Sam 2016). Human rights of women, inclusiveness in society, and issues of women empowerment discussed in international treaties and grants are absent. The main issues resulting in this condition of women in Nepal are deep-rooted in the culture and customs of society which is very hard to tackle and change as it has become a tradition in the Nepali society (Ahmad and Jaleel 2015). The patriarchal framework of society restricts men of Nepal to see the higher side of women existence as they are taught to look down upon them as an instrument of work and enjoyment. There are many hindrances in enhancing the literacy level of women in Nepal which is one of the root causes of their downtrodden condition. Illiterate women cannot survive in the political arena where men are waiting for them as vultures to prey upon. Poverty, violence, poor health, low literacy rate, discrimination on the basis of caste and religious fundamentalism adds up to the challenges(Shahabuddin et al. 2017). Women in Nepal are considered to be weak and it is believed that they need to be protected and kept in front of the eyes. If any woman tries to go out and interact with someone else then they are looked upon with contempt and suspicion and this raises questionson the integrity of their character. There is an unbalanced relationship of power (Baral 2016). Major Achievements Some women leaders who have managed to make their name at the time of struggles are looked upon as a sign of inspiration and as an example of the heights at which every woman of Nepal can go. Those women have established their name and vision in a patriarchal society like Nepal which is a very big achievement in itself. These events have made the social, economic and political outlook of women to develop for the future and their level of thought has taken a leap since then (Bhandari, Sarma and Kutty 2015). These luminary women have paved the way for other leaders to follow and bring a radical change in the social status of women of the entire nation. In their tenure of office which some women had held have been very successful. Moreover, there are many programs and days which are celebrated to encourage women empowerment all across the globe. These symbolic events and days give some courage to the suppressed women of Nepal to rise against the exploitation and do something significant in life. National Women Commission in Nepal was registered in 2002, on the day of 92nd International Women's Day (Ahmad and Jaleel 2015). Ministry of women, children and social welfare, and National Women Commission has also promised to work for women empowerment. From the above literature review, it can be concluded that the status of women of Nepal is in wretched condition. Being a patriarchal society, it has no appreciation for the efforts of women. Their work and life have been taken for granted and they are only there to service the men on Nepal. There exists a great disparity in the social, economic and political aspects of Nepali society for women. They lack basic amenities of rights, freedom, education, free will, proper health, and protection. Men of Nepal consider them as an instrument of job and pleasure and they are kept under needless boundations of society which are mostly orchestrated by the men. Work done by them is not considered to be economic activity and they are subjected to poverty. Women have to do petty jobs to earn money for their household expenses and do their daily chores as well. They are denied of education and are made to lean the household work under compulsion. As discussed above women of Nepal are subjected to violence which is very common and rampant. They are abused verbally and emotionally quite frequently. They are not considered as an equal in the political arena and are denied of important positions and portfolios in government agencies. It can be observed from the above review that male citizens of Nepal do not want women to grow and prosper and make their life tough so that they cannot compete with them on any stage. It can thus be concluded that there exists an intense issue of gender equality in Nepal which should be minimized or rather eradicated for the welfare of their own country. References Acharya, T., 2017. Nepal Himalaya: Women, Politics, and Administration.Journal of International Women's Studies,18(4), pp.197-208. Ahmad, A. and Jaleel, A. 2015. Prevalence and Correlates of Violence against Women in Nepal: Findings from Nepal Demographic Health Survey, 2011.Advances in Applied Sociology, 05(04), pp.119-128. Atteraya, M.S., Murugan, V. and Pandey, S., 2017. Intersection of caste/ethnic affiliation and poverty among married women in intimate partner violence: the case of Nepal.Global social welfare,4(2), pp.81-90. Baral, O. 2016. Educational Status and Postnatal Care Practices among Dalit and Janajati Women of Nepal.Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5, p.22. Bhandari, T., Sarma, P. and Kutty, V. 2015. Utilization of maternal health care services in post-conflict Nepal.International Journal of Women's Health, p.783. Bischoff, G. 2017. Improving gender equality in the STEM environment: EESC recommendations.STEM Gender Equality Congress Proceedings, 1(1), pp.592-602. Bista, B., Rai, D., Sagtani, R. and Budhathoki, S. 2017. Utilization pattern of health care services at a peripheral health care facility of Nepal.Health Renaissance, 13(2), p.160. Bornstein, M., Putnick, D., Deater-Deckard, K., Lansford, J. and Bradley, R. 2016. VII. GENDER IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: REFLECTIONS, LIMITATIONS, DIRECTIONS, AND IMPLICATIONS.Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 81(1), pp.123-144. Decker, M., Kalamar, A., Tunalp, . and Hindin, M. 2016. Early adolescent childbearing in low- and middle-income countries: associations with income inequity, human development and gender equality.Health Policy and Planning, p.czw121. Ghosh, A., Singh, A. and Kayastha, B., 2017. A trapeze act: balancing unpaid care work and paid work by women in Nepal. Leder, S., Clement, F. and Karki, E. 2017. Reframing womens empowerment in water security programmes in Western Nepal.Gender Development, 25(2), pp.235-251. Mahara, G. and Dhital, S. 2015. Analysis of Health Sector Gender Equality and Social Inclusion Strategy 2009 of Nepal.Kathmandu University Medical Journal, 12(2), p.157. Mishra, K. and Sam, A. 2016. Does Womens Land Ownership Promote Their Empowerment? Empirical Evidence from Nepal.World Development, 78, pp.360-371. Mohapatra, S. 2016. Health inequity and health outcome: a causal linkage study of low and middle income countries.Quality Quantity. Nawal, D. and Goli, S. 2013. Inequalities in utilization of maternal health care services in Nepal.Ethnicity and Inequalities in Health and Social Care, 6(1), pp.3-15. Oestreich, J. 2017. Sexual orientation and gender identity in Nepal: Rights promotion through UN development assistance.Journal of Human Rights, pp.1-15. Oliver, P. 2012.Succeeding with your literature review. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Reading, R. 2012. 50-year mortality trends in children and young people: a study of 50 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries.Child: Care, Health and Development, 37(4), pp.608-609. Ryan, R. and Woods, R., 2017. Women's Political Empowerment: Lessons for Subnational Levels of GovernmentNepal, Pakistan, Rwanda, and Indonesia. InHandbook of Research on Sub-National Governance and Development(pp. 385-405). IGI Global. Shahabuddin, A., De Brouwere, V., Adhikari, R., Delamou, A., Bardaj, A. and Delvaux, T. 2017. Determinants of institutional delivery among young married women in Nepal: Evidence from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2011.BMJ Open, 7(4), p.e012446. Shrestha, M., Paudel, L., Pant, S., Neupane, S. and Manandhar, N. 2017. Health seeking behavior among women in Bhimtar, Sindhupalchowk district of Nepal.International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health management, 4(6), p.1854. Swan, P. 2013. Promoting social inclusion through community arts.Mental Health and Social Inclusion, 17(1), pp.19-26. Therisingnepal.org.np. 2017.The Rising Nepal: Gender Equality In Nepal. [online] Available at: https://therisingnepal.org.np/news/17804 [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017]. UN Women | Asia and the Pacific. 2017.Socioeconomic and political status of women in Nepal. [online] Available at: https://asiapacific.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2014/7/socioeconomic-and-political-status-of-women-in-nepal [Accessed 3 Oct. 2017].

Singha corporation free essay sample

Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. is a subsidiary of ? Boon Rawd Brewery Co. , Ltd. , the first and ? largest Brewery of Thailand. The company was ? incorporated to oversee the beverage business ? of Boon Rawd Brewery Co. , Ltd. and is responsible? for the operation and marketing of beer, soda ? water, drinking water and various energy drinks ? and beverage producers. At present,? Boon Rawd Brewery is the owner of â€Å"Singha†,? â€Å"Leo †, â€Å"B-ing†,â€Å"Purra†,â€Å"Pun Dee†,and â€Å"Masita† ? trademarks. At present, Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. operates 3 Breweries and 7 Soda Water and Drinking Water factories located in strategic Regions across Thailand. Moreover, the companys vast distribution network further enhances its ability to serve the customers throughout the kingdom as well as in nearly 50 countries worldwide under full compliance with FDA regulations and approval of each country, including European and North American Countries. Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. conducts all its businesses under the principals of good corporate governance and in a social responsible manner. We will write a custom essay sample on Singha corporation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page As an integral part of Thai Society, Singha Corporation Co. , Ltd. actively participate in local environmental support programs, educational scholarship programs, cultural events, traditional festivals, and sport sponsorship. History Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi was born Boonrawd Sreshthaputra on 13 October 1872 , son of Pra Bhirom Bhakdi (Chom Sresthaputra ). He was educated at home, teachered by his father until the age of 11 , when he was sent to a temple to be further educated by the monks, a custom at the time for Thai boys. He started work quite young, during his teens,as a teacher, and then moved on to become a clerk at A. J. Dickson, a British-owned logging company. He stayed in the logging business for a while, and acted as a car dealer for a bit before starting his own ferry business, ferrying the Bangkokians across the Chao Praya River, between Bangkok and Thonburi. The business was a success at first, until there came too many competitions, and finally the building of bridges across the river. He dabbled in the idea of brewing a Thai-made beer in 1929, and finally sent in a request to the government to build the first Thai brewery in 1930. Meanwhile,Boonrawd toured Germany and Denmark to study the art of making beer. His dream became a reality in 1933, when the first bottle of Thai beer, Singha Beer,rolled off the assembly line at Boonrawd Brewery. Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi helped with many charities in his lifetime. He also become an expert in the art of kite flying in Thailand, and published a book on kite competitions. He acted as fireman on numerous occasions,using his ferries to stop burning buildings with water from the Chao Praya River, and was finally made Luang Bhirom Bhakdi by His Majesty King Rama VI on 20 November B. E. 2454 (1911) , at the age of 39. He became Pra Bhirom Bhakdi on 20 December B. E. 2460 (1917), aged 44, and finally Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi on 1 January B. E. 2467(1924), at the age of 52. descendants to use the surname of Bhirom Bhakdi, instead of Sreshthaputra. A new dynasty was born. Phraya Bhirom Bhakdi was married to Khunying Lamai, and had 3 sons -Vidhya, Prachuab and Chamnong. He died in 1950, at the age of 78. Boon Rawd Brewery Company Development of a there managing orientation, difficult thought this can be in many organizations, is only one side of the coin in improving the marketing effectiveness of an organization. Marketing strategy specifies a target market and a related marketing mix, Marketing strategy requires a definition of the market domain in which the company will compete and statement of how utility and value will be created for customers through product and service offerings. Recognizing customer needs and filling them better than competitors is the core of successful marketing and management strategies. Product Line Strategy – External analysis A product line is a group of products that are closely related because they perform a similar function, are sold to the same customer groups, are marketed through the same channels, or fall within given price range. Product line managers need to know the sales and profits of each item in their line in order to determine which items to build, maintain, harvest, or divest. They also need to understand each product’s market profile. The company produced new beers to be in completed amounts for every segment for the purpose of: (1) Selling for competition, (2) Scrambling for market share and insertion into the marketing space, (3) The liquidity in laying of market policy and cooperation with alliance, (4) Having an increased amount of products to serve the demand for Singha Draft beer with a mild taste to attract customers who like the smooth taste. Product Development Strategy After successfully completing the business analysis stage, product planning moves to development and testing (Cravens 1994, p. 373). In 1998, the company received the certificate of universal standard quality or ISO 9002 from S. G. S. (Thailand). In December 1985, the company began to wade into the market by developing a new beer named â€Å"Singha Gold† which was a kind of beer that had low alcoholic content of 3. 5%, similar to a light beer. It was thus, a kind of beer though its taste was lighter than that of both Singha’s and Kloster’s. Singha Gold was positioned as a beer for the new generation. In addition to product development strategy, the packaging of Super Leo beer during April 2000 was modified due to the fact that sales volume did not meet with the target because of customers’ confusion related to â€Å"Leo. † A new label was put in place and the word â€Å"Super† was emphasized (with bigger letters) while the word â€Å"Leo† (with smaller letters) was used for advertising which included marketing activities of Super Leo being separated decisively from Leo. Brand strategy and re-positioning options Several strategies are available to Boon Rawd to differentiate its brands from those of competitors, and compete effectively. ? The options for Boon Rawd are to create a master-European-brewer brand themselves and compete in the market place, directly against the global brands and Kloster. Kloster had demonstrated that even though it is a local brand, it could create an image as an international brand. However, there are some hidden traps with this approach. Several focus group participants mentioned that they thought Kloster lost some credibility by being a local brand dressed up in international clothing (the issue of country of origin). Furthermore, this Master European Brewer image space, though obviously a valuable one (whether it will grow faster or slower in the immediate future is dependent on the rate of Thailands recovery), is already crowded. The options for Boon Rawd are to create a master-European-brewer brand themselves and compete in the market place, directly against the global brands and Kloster. Kloster had demonstrated that even though it is a local brand, it could create an image as an international brand. However, there are some hidden traps with this approach. Several focus group participants mentioned that they thought Kloster lost some credibility by being a local brand dressed up in international clothing (the issue of country of origin). Furthermore, this Master European Brewer image space, though obviously a valuable one (whether it will grow faster or slower in the immediate future is dependent on the rate of Thailands recovery), is already crowded. Another strategy to regain some of the market share that Singha had lost due to the entry of the global brands and low-end products, was to re-position the Singha product itself. It was sensed that Singha possessed a great deal of customer loyalty and one strategy would be to develop Singha to be even more Heart-based, and to move further into the international Thai space. This could be accomplished by an integrated marketing communications campaign. A further option would be to develop a Singha export brand and prove that Singha could be accepted worldwide. This would also instill pride in Thai consumers in that they were consuming a Thai product that was recognized internationally, targeting in a tangential but strategic way, the monopoly global brands have on internationalism. For reasons of confidentiality, further information is not available, but the study has been of immense use to strategic thinking. Singha Corporation strategy formulation Singha Corporation SWOT Strengths They are the first Thai beer Companies have a policy to expand market worldwide Companies can respond all the needs of all customers. Companies have many proucts that customers need. Company Has distribution channels in multiple way and nationwide. Weakness Competition within the organization. The large size of the organization, contributing to the management sometimes not possible. Companies need to keep up with demand and changing consumer. Is sometimes necessary to take the analysis to get to those needs. Opportunities Singha try to go global and make them to the top maket. Company is in need of the labor market. They want to work for them. Threats There are many competitors in beer market Singha can not change the price but others competitors can change to the lower prices. Have to import wheat(materials for produce beer) Singha Corporation PEST Political 1. Government comes to control the limit time of selling alcohol 2. For alcohol market, There are a consession 3. An Election in Thailand are under control Economics 1. The companies shutting down, causing more unemployment 2. Loans from financial institutions more difficult. 3. Employment levels and salaries greatly reduced because the growth rate of the economy is not good enough. 4. Currency Change Social 1. Campaign about not drinking alcohol becomes more important in Thai social. 2. Most of Thai people still respect to five commandments of Buddhists. Technology 1. Production process, taste, appearance is a factor in choosing to buy products. 2. Technological development in production in 3-5 years to adapt in a better way. 3. Products can advertise in social network instead TV commercial. ConClusion The company applies marketing strategy and The company’s marketing strategies consisted of product line strategy, product development strategy, block channel strategy, media strategy, trade strategy, and consumer incentive strategy. On the other hand, the company used marketing mix or the 4P’s strategy as follows: Product Strategy: (1) Every product segment was produced in response to customer demand in various levels of income, (2) With regards to product development strategy; the brewery was improved in 1998 to the point where a certificate of quality, ISO 9002, was obtained. In 1998, plans were underway to improve the quality of the company’s products in accordance with universal standards, including the ability to maintain the quality of the taste and the image of Singha beer by stressing the fact that it was a Thai beer that Thai people had preferred to drink for 67 years (in 2000) which gave Singha beer a high degree of brand loyalty, (3) Regarding the company’s packaging strategy, modern technology was introduced by the company to make â€Å"Stay on Tap† products on October 31, 1990. a move that took environmental conservation and social demands into due consideration. It was a marketing idea that took society into account in the sense that benefits would be provided by the firm and returned to the society. Environmental pollution was a matter of concern to the firm; it was necessary, therefore, that quilibrium is reached in the long term between a response to market demand and social welfare. The societal marketing concept would be concentrated on social conditions by upgrading the welfare of the people and improving the way of life in society by participating in the overall conservation of the environment as well. Price strategy: Many new producers entered the market, and many brands emerged, such as Heineken, Carlsberg and Chang beer. Because of the Thai economic crisis of 1997, consumers’ purchasing power decreased, which prompted them to turn to drinking less expensive beer, such as Chang. New beers were produced, such as Leo, Super Leo and Super Lion, which were cheap in order to respond to low-income consumers and to compete with Chang beer. Promotion strategy: Media strategy, trade strategy, and consumer incentive strategy were used in order to create products of good quality in response to the market. Place (of distribution) strategy: Since market share was achieved, with sales volume in the top rank of the market, block channel strategy was used and new agents were added when three breweries entered the already competitive market. Recommendation: 1) Set up or buy a company to grow wheat in the wheat-growing countries (eg: China) to ensure its supply of raw materials for beer production and raw materials price stability. Thailand was not a wheat-growing country, every beer company have to import wheat materials. In this way, As a result, the company is likely to be limited to international currency exchange rates change(baht devaluation), changes in international transport prices, raw material producing countries to reduce export. 2) Enter new market. Obtain expertise and apply new and best business practices across markets, whilst maintaining and recognising the cultural differences. By learning from best practice sharing ideas from different markets and business cultures, synergies will be brought to the Singha Group, which should benefit staff, customers and shareholders. The brand awareness will increase if it successful in new market. 3) Singha should continue corporate with the sports. Right now they are the sponsor for Chelsea and Manchester united football club, so they should continue sponsoring. In the future Volleyball will become Thai people favorite sport, They should consider to be their sponsor. Singha has come to the right way to promote their brands, They are sponsor for international concert and international football team. This actions will help them grow up Questions: What are the current issues/challenges facing companies? The issues that challenge to face with the company for now is the Law. Thailand law of alcohol company has become very strict. There are so many rules that the company must face with government. For this issues, company has to think about the strategy that make them still sell their beer without breaking any law. When Thailand law become strict, Its hard for Boonrawd Brewery to distribute their products. For example, They can only advertise their products along the magazine not allow to use them in Commercial on Televisions. If they want They must use the name of Boonrawd Brewery or Singha corporation not Singha Beer. So for Boon Rawd, They try to advertise their products by they corporate their brad with Chelsea Football Club and Manchester United instead. For this, its works very well. They can go global by sponsor the football team. What are the dangers/risks associated with this approach? The risk of doing this approach will be about the competitors that they already see what singha has done, and they want to do the same. They want to go global too, that’s the danger for Singha because if your competitors can do better than you, you must do something that better than them. You should think about the better plan or strategy to make your brand go further and still be number one in the beer market.